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TIME: Almanac 1995
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<text id=89TT2341>
<title>
Sep. 11, 1989: Postcards From A Distant World
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
Sep. 11, 1989 The Lonely War:Drugs
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
SPACE, Page 65
Postcards from a Distant World
</hdr><body>
<p>Mysteries deepen as data pour in from Neptune and its icy moon
</p>
<p> The Voyager 2 spacecraft last week swiveled its scanning
platform, looked over a metallic shoulder and opened the
shutter of its narrow-angle camera for one lingering goodbye
picture of Neptune and its icy moon, Triton. The resulting photo
showed a pair of lovely, pale white crescents reflecting off the
most distant planet and a moon that is the coldest known object
in the solar system.
</p>
<p> After that farewell, Voyager turned its back on Neptune and
began an estimated 23-year trip toward the heliopause, the
point where the solar wind dies down and interstellar space
begins. But already, as Edward Stone, the Voyager mission's
chief scientist, put it, "this has been the journey of a
lifetime."
</p>
<p> There was little leisure for sentiment last week, as
scientists rushed to sort through the mountain of data still
pouring in from Voyager's close encounter with Neptune. Only a
fraction of the photographs snapped during the flyby have been
processed, and the bulk of the radio signals -- some 992 lbs.
of magnetic tape -- is only now being shipped from tracking
stations to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.
</p>
<p> As in Voyager's close encounters with other planets,
surprises and puzzles abound. Neptune's Great Dark Spot, roughly
the size of earth, is perhaps its biggest mystery. One series
of images showed the spot revolving around the planet every 18.3
hours like a twirling glob of pizza dough. Some astronomers
think it is an ocean; others, a giant gaseous storm soaring high
above the planet.
</p>
<p> The number of rings circling Neptune seemed to change from
day to day. At last count there was one broad sheet of dust and
three thin rings, one of them dotted at one spot with clumps of
material arrayed like sausage links. Closer to the planet's
surface, Voyager spotted thin wisps of cirrus clouds clinging
to the Great Dark Spot. These resembled misty clouds hugging a
Swiss Alp in a high wind.
</p>
<p> Outside the rings, Voyager's radio antennas picked up the
crackle of a magnetic field tilted a rakish 50 degrees from the
planet's axis of rotation and shifted mysteriously off-center.
Scientists speculate that the dynamo generating the magnetic
disturbance is not a deep central core, like the earth's, but
a spherical shell of liquid located near the surface of the
planet.
</p>
<p> The real star of Voyager's last picture show, though, was
Triton, the largest and strangest of Neptune's eight moons.
Images pieced together last week revealed in detail a complex
and dynamic body. Parts of Triton's surface are glazed brightly
with pinkish ice, while others are pockmarked like a ripened
cantaloupe. Using 3-D imaging computers to zoom in for a closer
look, scientists saw steep mountains and rugged cliffs, deep
pools of dark, oozing material and vast oceans of slush.
</p>
<p> Struggling to make sense of the bizarre landscape, Laurence
Soderblom of the U.S. Geological Survey put forward a "crazy
idea" that was just wild enough to ring true. The key to
Triton's strange geology may be the kind of volcanic activity
that takes place when surface temperatures reach -400 degrees
F. At that temperature, gaseous nitrogen would freeze as hard
as rock. But 60 ft. to 100 ft. below the surface, tidal
pressures could transform the solid nitrogen into a viscous
fluid that could rise through faults and erupt explosively at
the surface, spewing gas and icy debris 20 miles into the air.
If true, Soderblom's theory would make Triton only the third
celestial body known to have active volcanoes -- after earth and
Jupiter's moon Io.
</p>
<p> Its grand tour of four planets complete, Voyager 2, like
its sister craft Voyager 1, followed a trajectory beyond the
solar system. If all goes well, the aging robot should reach
the heliopause before its fuel runs out and its instruments
fall silent, around the year 2012. But even then it will drift
on, approaching Barnard's star in 6,500 years and passing
Sirius, the brightest star visible from earth, in 296036.
Searching for words to close the final Voyager 2 press
conference, mission chief Stone chose lines from T.S. Eliot:
</p>
<qt> <l>Not fare well,</l>
<l>But fare forward, voyagers.</l>
</qt>
</body></article>
</text>